This letter proposes a novel compact cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna excited by a microstrip feed line. The matching bandwidth is 16.9 – 21.523 GHz and the maximum radiation gain are 9.08 dBi at 17.474 GHz, 12.42 dBi at 18.715 GHz, 12.51 dBi at 19.8 GHz and 10.65 dBi at 20.986 GHz. The performance of the dielectric resonator antenna is simulated by electromagnetic simulator CST Microwave Studio.

The objective of this investigation was to study the effect of carbonation on two reinforced concrete structures of 42 and 60 years old, located on two different environments: urban and rural. Samples of concrete were taken, the carbonation depth was measured and density, absorption and porosity tests were performed. The carbonation process can be modeled by the equation of the square root of time. From that model, the carbonation constant for each sample was calculated, the progress of the carbonation depth versus time was plotted and the correlation between porosity and depth of carbonation was analyzed. It was verified the existence of different microclimates surrounding structural elements. The moisture content of the surrounding surface of each structural element is the most important factor affecting the progress of carbonation.

Since the nineties years until nowadays, many industrialized countries adopted the inflation targeting strategy, following per other transition countries thus as other developing countries. In this framework, the monetary authorities are attached to announce an explicit target range of inflation rate foreseen on one or several periods. The inflation targeting requires the strengthening of communication between the monetary authorities and the public what enhance accountability and the discipline of the Central Bank towards its commitment to respect the realization of the objectives announced of its monetary policy in terms of inflation. The monetary authorities must be transparent concerning their monetary policy and will be judged, or even punished on all deviation from the target announced. The station results in a loss of credibility expressed by the economy actors. Through this paper, firstly, we discuss the theoretical background of this approach to inflation targeting as a new monetary policy rule. To do this, we have tried to practice this new strategy of inflation targeting while presenting its main interests, preconditions, its advantages and unwinding mechanisms. In a second time, we were moving to concrete examples through the main experiences of Industrialized Countries Central Banks, which are in fact the first precursors to incorporate explicit inflation targets in the formulation of monetary policies following this new strategy target, followed by other Transition countries (Czech Republic, Romania ... etc..) and some in developing countries such as Brazil and the Philippines, ... etc. which are actually encouraged by good results achieved by the major Western countries.

A novel approach of shape optimization to reduce pulsating torque components in spoke type permanent magnet motors is developed in this paper. This method is demonstrated on the iron pole shape optimization of an 8-pole/18-slot spoke type motor. The results of experiments show the effectiveness of the presented method.

The rules of origin are justified by the need to regulate trade between two or a group of countries (trade policy mechanism). This paper proposes to study the impact of rules of origin on the implementation of the preferential trade agreement between Morocco and the United States of America. Following this study, the results showed that the rules of origin diminish substantially the efficiency of this Agreement and deprive Moroccan companies of the tax benefits in terms of access to the U.S. market. Therefore, they reflect protectionist practices in term of non tariff barriers. They take the form of manufacturing conditions hard to be met by the operators. The analysis of the relationship between preferential Moroccan exports to the United States of America, on one hand, and the presence of tariff preferences and the Rules of Origin, on the other hand, suggest that if the tariff preferences have indeed the effect of encouraging exports, the Rules of Origin have the reverse effect.

The objective of this work consisted in studying the procedures of the manufacture of beer from sorghum, in order to be able to put forward its qualities and to develop the local bittering substances such as Vernonia amygdalina and Nauclea diderrichii. In this study, Safrari sorghum cultivar was malted and brewed under laboratory controlled conditions. Different types of beers were manufactured using combinations of Vernonia amygdalina and Nauclea diderrichii as tropical hops. The extract, reducing sugars, free amino nitrogen (FAN) of worts hopped with Vernonia amygdalina and Nauclea diderrichii was respectively from: 16 °P; 8 g/L to 25 g/L; 193 mg/L to 263 mg/L. Concerning final beer, the same residual characteristics were respectively from: 4.5 °P to 6.5 °P; 1 g/L to 2.5 g/L; 17 mg/L to 60 mg/L. pH of worts and beer ranged from 3.5 to 4.5.

Over the period 1986-1992 the U5MR in urban and rural areas decreased from 97 to 25.42 and from 165 to 35.07‰, respectively. Since 1987, each of the 7 regions has reduced its U5MR by 32.35 %, with the lowest rate of 20.26% for the Eastern region and the highest rate 55.34 % in the South-central region. The disparities in under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) between rural, urban and regions in Moroccan population are persistent. Morocco was at the nearest to meet the Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG) in urban (25.45 ‰) area, but must make a steady progress towards the attainment of it in rural (35.07 ‰). The rate reduction in U5MR at regional level is at least of 5.3 % putting them well on track to meet MDG 4.

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Cette étude a pour objectif d'évaluer des propriétés hydrauliques des aquifères de socle cristallin et cristallophyllien de la région du N'zi-Comoé (Côte d'Ivoire). Pour ce faire, une collecte de données regroupant les fiches techniques de forage de même que celles des essais de pompage disponibles dans ladite région a été effectuée. Le travail a été réalisé à partir d'un échantillon de 150 forages. Les paramètres retenus sont le débit de pompage (Q) en m3/s, le rabattement résiduel (s) en m, la longueur de crépine (L) en m, le rayon de forage (R) en m, le rayon de tubage (R0) en m et le temps de pompage (t) en seconde. Trois méthodes ont été appliquées pour l'estimation de la conductivité hydraulique et de la transmissivité. Il s'agit de la méthode de l'Ecopage, de la méthode de Logans et de la méthode analytique. Les valeurs de conductivité hydraulique obtenues varient de 1,79.10-8 à 3,8.10-6 m/s. Quant aux valeurs de transmissivité, elles oscillent entre 2,54.10-7 m2/s et 2,67.10-3 m2/s. Les valeurs des différents paramètres hydrodynamiques (conductivité hydraulique et transmissivité) sont hétérogènes, ce qui traduit l'hétérogénéité structurale du socle cristallin et cristallophyllien. Les résultats obtenus contribuent à une meilleure connaissance des caractéristiques hydrodynamiques des aquifères fissurés de la région du N'zi-Comoé.

Effect of rotor iron pole radii and skew on performance of interior permanent magnet motors is studied in this paper. A comparison is carried out by finite element analysis method and is confirmed by the experimental results obtained with two laboratory prototypes. The results show that, although the skew method is very effective in suppressing the cogging torque of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor, it will deteriorate other performances more in respect to radii ratio method.